#include <stdio.h>

/* Basic constants and macros */
#define WSIZE 4                 /* Word and header/footer size (bytes) */
#define DSIZE 8                 /* Double word size (bytes) */
#define CHUNKSIZE (1<<12)       /* Extend heap by this amount (bytes) */

#define MAX(x, y) ((x) > (y) ? (x) : (y))

/* Pack a size and allocated bit into a word */
#define PACK(size, alloc) ((size) | (alloc))

/* Read and write a word at address p */
#define GET(p) (*(unsigned int *)(p))
#define PUT(p, val) (*(unsigned int *)(p) = (val))

/* Read the size and allocated fields from address p */
#define GET_SIZE(p) (GET(p) & ~0x7)
#define GET_ALLOC(p) (GET(p) & 0x1)

/* Given block ptr bp, compute address of its header and footer */
#define HDRP(bp) ((char *)(bp) - WSIZE)
#define FTRP(bp) ((char *)(bp) + GET_SIZE(HDRP(bp)) - DSIZE)

/* Given block ptr bp, compute address of next and previous blocks */
#define NEXT_BLKP(bp) ((char *)(bp) + GET_SIZE(((char *)(bp) - WSIZE)))
#define PREV_BLKP(bp) ((char *)(bp) - GET_SIZE(((char *)(bp) - DSIZE)))

static char *heap_listp;

static void *extend_heap(size_t words);

static void *coalesce(void *bp);

static void *find_fit(size_t asize);

static void place(void *bp, size_t asize);

/* Extern functions from memlib.c */
extern void mem_init(void);

extern void *mem_sbrk(int incr);

int mm_init(void) {
    /* Create the initial empty heap */
    if ((heap_listp = mem_sbrk(4 * WSIZE)) == (void *) -1)
        return -1;
    PUT(heap_listp, 0);                          /* Alignment padding */
    PUT(heap_listp + (1 * WSIZE), PACK(DSIZE, 1)); /* Prologue header */
    PUT(heap_listp + (2 * WSIZE), PACK(DSIZE, 1)); /* Prologue footer */
    PUT(heap_listp + (3 * WSIZE), PACK(0, 1));     /* Epilogue header */
    heap_listp += (2 * WSIZE);

    /* Extend the empty heap with a free block of CHUNKSIZE bytes */
    if (extend_heap(CHUNKSIZE / WSIZE) == NULL)
        return -1;
    return 0;
}

static void *extend_heap(size_t words) {
    char *bp;
    size_t size;

    /* Allocate an even number of words to maintain aligment */
    size = (words % 2) ? (words + 1) * WSIZE : words * WSIZE;
    if ((long) (bp = mem_sbrk(size)) == -1)
        return NULL;

    /* Initialize free block header/footer and the epilogue header */
    PUT(HDRP(bp), PACK(size, 0)); /* Free block header */
    PUT(FTRP(bp), PACK(size, 0)); /* Free block footer */
    PUT(HDRP(NEXT_BLKP(bp)), PACK(0, 1)); /* New epilogue header */

    /* Coalesce if the previous block was free */
    return coalesce(bp);
}

void mm_free(void *bp) {
    size_t size = GET_SIZE(HDRP(bp));

    PUT(HDRP(bp), PACK(size, 0));
    PUT(FTRP(bp), PACK(size, 0));
    coalesce(bp);
}

static void *coalesce(void *bp) {
    size_t prev_alloc = GET_ALLOC(FTRP(PREV_BLKP(bp)));
    size_t next_alloc = GET_ALLOC(HDRP(NEXT_BLKP(bp)));
    size_t size = GET_SIZE(HDRP(bp));

    if (prev_alloc && next_alloc)         /* Case 1 */
        return bp;

    else if (prev_alloc && !next_alloc) { /* Case 2 */
        size += GET_SIZE(HDRP(NEXT_BLKP(bp)));
        PUT(HDRP(bp), PACK(size, 0));
        PUT(FTRP(bp), PACK(size, 0));
    } else if (!prev_alloc && next_alloc) { /* Case 3 */
        size += GET_SIZE(HDRP(PREV_BLKP(bp)));
        PUT(FTRP(bp), PACK(size, 0));
        PUT(HDRP(PREV_BLKP(bp)), PACK(size, 0));
        bp = PREV_BLKP(bp);
    } else {                                /* Case 4 */
        size += GET_SIZE(HDRP(PREV_BLKP(bp))) +
                GET_SIZE(FTRP(NEXT_BLKP(bp)));
        PUT(HDRP(PREV_BLKP(bp)), PACK(size, 0));
        PUT(FTRP(NEXT_BLKP(bp)), PACK(size, 0));
        bp = PREV_BLKP(bp);
    }
    return bp;
}

void *mm_malloc(size_t size) {
    size_t asize;               /* Adjusted block size */
    size_t extendsize;          /* Amount to extend heap if no fit */
    char *bp;

    /* Ignore spurious requests */
    if (size == 0)
        return NULL;

    /* Adjust block size to include overhead and alignment reqs. */
    if (size <= DSIZE)
        asize = 2 * DSIZE;
    else
        asize = DSIZE * ((size + (DSIZE) + (DSIZE - 1)) / DSIZE);

    /* Search the free list for a fit */
    if ((bp = find_fit(asize)) != NULL) {
        place(bp, asize);
        return bp;
    }

    /* No fit found. Get more memory and place the block */
    extendsize = MAX(asize, CHUNKSIZE);
    if ((bp = extend_heap(extendsize / WSIZE)) == NULL)
        return NULL;
    place(bp, asize);
    return bp;
}

/*
 * 9.8
 */
static void *find_fit(size_t asize) {
    /* First fit search */
    void *bp;

    for (bp = heap_listp; GET_SIZE(HDRP(bp)) > 0; bp = NEXT_BLKP(bp)) {
        if (!GET_ALLOC(HDRP(bp)) && (asize <= GET_SIZE(HDRP(bp)))) {
            return bp;
        }
    }

    return NULL;            /* No fit */
}

/*
 * 9.9
 */
static void place(void *bp, size_t asize) {
    size_t csize = GET_SIZE(HDRP(bp));

    if ((csize - asize) >= (2 * DSIZE)) {
        PUT(HDRP(bp), PACK(asize, 1));
        PUT(FTRP(bp), PACK(asize, 1));
        bp = NEXT_BLKP(bp);
        PUT(HDRP(bp), PACK(csize - asize, 0));
        PUT(HDRP(bp), PACK(csize - asize, 0));
    } else {
        PUT(HDRP(bp), PACK(csize, 1));
        PUT(FTRP(bp), PACK(csize, 1));
    }
}
